Penegakan
supremasi hukum sedang ramai dibicarakan. Ini penting mengingat Indonesia
adalah negara berlandaskan hukum dan konstitusi. Dengan supremasi hukum
insan-insan peradilan tidak terjebak retorika dan mafia peradilan. Pun berbagai
macam kasus dapat diselesaikan dengan baik.
Namun
supremasi hukum perlu penunjang: pengadilan. Mustahil hukum yang berdiri tegak
tidak ditopang keadilan dari pengadilan yang jujur dan adil. Pengadilan sebagai
badan, terdiri atas orang-orang yang berwenang mengadili, mendengar, dan
memutuskan. Baik menyangkut kasus khusus, sipil dan militer. Juga berarti
kamar, aula, gedung, atau tempat proses pengadilan dilakukan.
Ada
dugaan istilah pengadilan court (dalam bahasa Inggris) berasal dari cortile.
Ini gedung yang dikelilingi lorong-lorong beratap, mencirikan karakteristik
istana (palazzo) zaman Renaisance. Semisal Palazzo M.Ricardi dan Palazzo
Strozzi di Florence, Italia, abad ke-15.
Puncak
pembangunan cortile terjadi di Roma. Palazzo della Cancelleria merupakan
cortile berciri Renaissance, mulai dibangun 1486. Perancangnya Donato
Bramance,yang pada 1547 menyelsaikan karya monumental, Palazzo Farnese. Karya
ini juga di desain Michelangelo. Riwayat lain menyebutkan pada abad
pertengahan, masih di Eropa, gedung pengadilan hanyalah bagian tambahan dari
suatu kompleks bangunan. Semisal kompleks biara tempat mengasingkan diri dari
kehidupan dunia, benteng pertahanan kota. Bahkan kompleks sekolah dan rumah
sakit pun masa itu mempunyai gedung atau pengadilan sendiri. Maka sama sekali
tidak meng¬herankan bila di dalam istana juga ada ruang pengadilan. Istana
Alhambra di Granada, Spanyol,dibangun abad ke 13 dan 14, misalnya, mempunyai
kompleks pengadilan cukup, lengkap. Sehingga begitu ada indikasi ter¬sangkut
kasus tertentu, Tersangka bisa langsung diadili.
Namun
pengadilan tidak berguna jika keputusan-keputusan yang dihasilkan jauh dari
rasa keadilan. Keadilan itu sendiri di¬syaratkan sebagai hal yang bebas dari
penilaian subjektif. Maka sejak dulu sudah ada tamsil: "Keadilan itu
buta". Barangkali ungkapan ini tumbuh dari harapan bahwa dalam kondisi
tidak melihat hakim bisa membawa keadilan mencapai derajatnya yang tinggi.
Namun jejak tamsil popular ini belumlah jelas.
Dipercaya,
bangsa Mesir kuno memulainya. Dalam menyelesaikan kasus, mereka punya
pengadilan berupa ruang sangat gelap. Tidak memungkinkan bagi hakim melihat dan
mengenali Terdakwa, Pembela, atau para saksi. Ruang pengadilan dibuat gelap
gulita dengan tujuan melahirkan keadilan yang "buta" dalam arti
keputusan hakim diharapkan bisa dijamin adil.
Ada
juga anggapan tamsil itu berasal dari sejarah peradilan Inggris. Independensi
hakim yang tidak pernah dipengaruhi oleh pertimbangan pribadi, prasangka atau
simpati terhadap seseorang.
Bahkan
salah satu monumen terkenal di dunia, yang menggambarkan "wujud"
keadilan, terdapat di Pusat Pengadilan Kriminal London, mengambil wujud orang
buta. Sehingga neraca di tangannya mustahil untuk dilihat.
Tersimpan
pesan, "hakim seharusnya tidak memihak". Bebas perasaan suka atau
tidak suka. Ketika hakim diintimidasi oleh kekuasaan atau diiming-imingi harta.
Juga ketika "sang pengadil" dipengaruhi rasa kasihan atas
ketidakberdayaan dan kemiskinan seseorang. Keputusan hakim hanya didasarkan
pada bukti-bukti.
Nyatalah
sejak dahulu keadilan sudah menjadi dambaan setiap insan. Sayangnya, di
beberapa bagian dunia, keadilan ideal sering sulit tergapai. Barangkali benar
keadilan itu "buta". Seandainya bisa melihat, mungkin "dia"
akan kecewa mendapati kenyataan bahwa ada banyak hal di dunia ini dilakukan
dengan mengatasnamakan "namanya”.
(Dari
pelbagai sumber/Intisari)
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